Why Sabotage of Critical Infrastructure Could Become the Continent’s Next Security Crisis The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) Executive Summary Europe may
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) The relationship between the United States and India has become one of the most consequential strategic
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) Executive Summary The confrontation between the United States and Iran has entered a phase in which
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) Executive Summary China’s exposure to disruptions in Iranian and Venezuelan oil supplies has revived a much
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) Executive Summary Europe’s security debate has entered a fundamentally new phase in 2026. The central question
Executive Summary Europe’s electricity grid has become one of the continent’s most strategically important—and increasingly vulnerable—assets. Over the past decade, energy infrastructure has evolved beyond
The European Union is entering a new phase of strategic competition in which access to critical raw materials has become as important as access to
Europe is experiencing the most significant transformation of its defence posture since the end of the Cold War. For decades, the European Union largely approached
The expansion of Houthi operations during the Iran conflict has transformed the Red Sea from a regional maritime corridor into a strategic theatre with direct
As geopolitical competition intensifies and economic interdependence becomes increasingly vulnerable to strategic coercion, Europe is redefining economic security as a core pillar of national and