The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) The U.S.–Iran war has forced Europe to confront a strategic reality it had repeatedly postponed: instability
The expansion of Houthi operations during the Iran conflict has transformed the Red Sea from a regional maritime corridor into a strategic theatre with direct
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) Executive Summary The European Union is entering one of the most significant financial transformations since the
For the past three years, Sudan has been engulfed in an open war between the Sudan Founding Alliance (“Ta’sis”) forces and the army loyal to
To make cross-border payments despite US sanctions, Iran has built a system of workarounds that includes banks, intermediaries, shadow networks, and cryptocurrency. WASHINGTON—There is a
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) In light of the rapid transformations reshaping the regional and international order, Iran emerges as one
WASHINGTON—Experienced foreign-policy observers in the US capital have long learned never to make public predictions. The world is far too uncertain and the downside risks
Since the outbreak of the war in Sudan in April 2023, Turkish-made drones have emerged as a decisive element in the Sudanese Armed Forces’ military
As the USS Abraham Lincoln arrives in the Middle East, two experts discuss the opportunities, uncertainties, and risks of a US strike on Iran. On
Sanctions, Regime Pressure, and Strategic Intervention (2013–2026) Executive Summary The confrontation between the United States and Venezuela represents one of the most comprehensive cases of modern coercive foreign policy.