To make cross-border payments despite US sanctions, Iran has built a system of workarounds that includes banks, intermediaries, shadow networks, and cryptocurrency. WASHINGTON—There is a
The European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) In light of the rapid transformations reshaping the regional and international order, Iran emerges as one
WASHINGTON—Experienced foreign-policy observers in the US capital have long learned never to make public predictions. The world is far too uncertain and the downside risks
Since the outbreak of the war in Sudan in April 2023, Turkish-made drones have emerged as a decisive element in the Sudanese Armed Forces’ military
As the USS Abraham Lincoln arrives in the Middle East, two experts discuss the opportunities, uncertainties, and risks of a US strike on Iran. On
Sanctions, Regime Pressure, and Strategic Intervention (2013–2026) Executive Summary The confrontation between the United States and Venezuela represents one of the most comprehensive cases of modern coercive foreign policy.
Ministers from southern Yemen within the internationally recognized government have called for the declaration of a southern state as an inherent right to self-determination, affirming
WARSAW—Unable to defeat Ukraine quickly or force political capitulation in Kyiv, Russia has expanded the battlefield into the daily life of European societies. Moscow’s objective
In 2023 and 2024, many undersea cables and a pipeline in the Baltic Sea were cut or damaged in a string of suspicious incidents. Caught
Only a few months ago, the idea that the European Union (EU) should not retaliate against US President Donald Trump’s tariffs was highly eccentric. Yes, withholding retaliation