Two major features dominated UK defence and security in 2025: the publication of the Strategic Defence Review (SDR) in June and discussions, led by Britain
Summary Why an Economic Security Network Europe once saw global economic integration as a source of peace and prosperity. Now, with Russia weaponising energy supplies,
Summary The shifting tectonics of EU-UK relations February 2022 and November 2024 were two successive hammer blows to what remained of the post-Cold War geopolitical
European Climate Foundation Integrating the more carbon-intensive economies of new EU member-states in the EU’s climate policies is an important challenge. The EU Emissions Trading
The mood in Europe is glum. Growth in Europe has been mediocre and slower than in the US and Asia. As a result, Europeans fret
Summary Make demographics normal again Europe faces many pressing challenges, from Russian aggression to sluggish economic growth to a complex energy transition. How European policymakers
In his preview of the upcoming NATO summit, the alliance’s secretary general Mark Rutte was clear: he expects that “allied leaders will agree to spend 5% of
European Centre for Strategic Studies and Policy (ECSAP) and Human Rights The 2025 Production Gap Report, co-authored by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Climate Analytics, and the